Ya hemos hablado sobre el por qué y para qué leer en el post ¿POR QUÉ LEER Y PARA QUÉ? LOS GRANDES BENEFICIOS, ahora dedicaremos unas páginas a lo que consideramos que se requiere para logar ser un buen lector.
Para los que no han incursionado en la actividad de lectura, se recomienda acudir a una biblioteca o a una librería, visitando la sección que les despierte más su interés. Dentro de esa sección elegida, revisar aleatoriamente los títulos y autores, y posteriormente examinar los índices de las obras preseleccionadas. Tomar la decisión y elegir el documento u obra literaria que lo acompañará en sus caminatas.
Para llegar a ser un buen lector debemos tomar en cuenta 2 aspectos fundamentales, en este campo.
La calificación de “buen” está orientada, por un lado, al disfrute, recreación y entretenimiento con la lectura, y por otro, está relacionada con la educación y el aprendizaje. Ambas perspectivas permiten el logro de ser un buen lector, y deben atenderse de igual manera. Sin embargo, dependerá de la persona en sí que realice la actividad de lectura, para inclinarse más por uno u otro aspecto estimulante, en una etapa de su vida.
Existe un gran acervo de libros que nos indican el cómo leer para aprender e instruirse, pocos que nos indican el qué para disfrutar la lectura.
Considero que son varios los tópicos que deben tomarse en cuenta, en ambas perspectivas: el “qué”, el “cómo”, el “cuándo”, el “por qué”, el “cuánto”, el “con quién” y el “dónde”, y nuevamente, cada individuo podrá tener mayor inclinación sobre cualquiera de ellos, y dedicarle mayor atención para motivarse y lograr su cometido de lectura.
Además de estos 2 aspectos esenciales, tengamos presente, como señalamos en el post LECTURA-ESCRITURA-DIBUJO: CÍRCULO VIRTUOSO, que todo buen lector puede llegar a ser un escritor.
Deberemos tomar en cuenta el nivel de inclinación que cada uno de nosotros tiene sobre esta actividad, ya sea que tenga el deseo de adquirir el hábito, o de desarrollarlo más, o ampliar su conocimiento, hasta aquellos en que actividad de lectura la tienen relegada, y para los cuales significaría un verdadero incursionar en ella.
El buen lector avanzará de acuerdo a como se vaya apasionando.
Los propósitos y particularidades que deben considerarse en ambas perspectivas, para proceder en la actividad de lectura, son:
- Comprensión
- Placer y gusto
- Selección y opciones
- Volumen
- Periodicidad
- Irregularidad
- Aprendizaje
- Estudio
- Conocimiento
- Especialización
- Conceptualización
- Desconocimiento
- Satisfacción y gozo
- Estilos de escritura
- Géneros de escritura
- Preferencias
- Discriminación
- Resúmenes
- Antologías
- Indiferencia
- Extensión
- Autores
- Lugar y espacio
- Lenguaje
Desde luego, algunas personas recomiendan que se pueden apoyar en diferentes acciones para la realización de la lectura, que algunas otras no las acostumbran: subrayar las frases que el lector considere más relevantes, escribir al margen de las páginas del libro ciertas notas importantes, relacionar textos con algunos otros autores, documentos o libros, reflexionar si estamos de acuerdo o no con lo que leemos, relacionar algunos datos sobresalientes con lecturas anteriores, etc. Tenga presente que las notas escritas por usted durante la lectura, ya sea en las páginas mismas del libro o documento que se lee, o en un block de notas aparte (esto es mejor, esto es más recomendable), serán los primeros pasos del buen lector que lo proyectarán a un futuro escritor, si así lo desea hacer; no las excluya o relegue.
También tenga presente que al estar escribiendo también está leyendo sus propios escritos, Qui scribit, bis legit: Quien escribe, lee dos veces.
Respecto al segundo aspecto sobre la perspectiva en la lectura, la preparación y educación, tenemos como entornos representantes absolutos a la escuela (en sus distintos niveles escolares), la investigación, la academia (en sus grados diferentes), el autodidactismo (autoeducado, autoinstruido) y el trabajo en cualquier tipo de empresa (pública o privada).
En este escenario de “obligación” requerimos de mayor esfuerzo ya que nos exige a responder según los demandas (solicitaciones) y lineamientos que se nos piden para realizar la lectura de un “obligado” documento. Existen muchos métodos que se han desarrollado para el gran número de campos del aprendizaje y la enseñanza, y se puede recurrir a ellos para mejorar nuestras metas personales. Mencionaré algunas de las características (peculiaridades, aspectos, tecnicismos), que se deberán atender en esta perspectiva de la lectura, según el género literario:
- Objetivo del documento
- Contenido
- Estructura
- Propósito del autor
- Preguntas y respuestas (del autor y del lector)
- Comprensión
- Notas
- Puntos sobresalientes del documento
- Resumen o síntesis del documento
- Memorización
- Frases importantes del texto/autor
- Ideas generadas por el lector
- Ideas sobresalientes del autor
- Re-leer algunas partes sobresalientes del documento
Desde luego, dependiendo del género literario, esta lista puede modificarse, reduciéndose o incrementándose, sin embargo, su complejidad nos transmite que se requiere un mayor esfuerzo que el que se necesita para el primer escenario, donde únicamente buscamos la diversión y el entretenimiento. En este, con este esfuerzo (trabajo) extraordinario buscamos el cuestionamiento constante sobre lo que se está leyendo, ya que para el aprendizaje, la instrucción y la educación se requiere mayor disponibilidad de tiempo, un mayor análisis e introspección de los distintos tópicos que cada documento trae consigo. No obstante, el sistema WALK-RWD nos permite realizar esos esfuerzos con mayor ánimo y eficiencia.
Ahora bien, en la perspectiva de leer por diversión y entretenimiento, únicamente se debe elegir por “gusto”, de acuerdo al disfrute personal –que nada sea forzado-; seleccionar el género; el autor; el lugar (para leer caminando); el período de lectura: nunca se debe sentir obligado -u obligada- para terminar un libro hasta el final, si se le “cae de las manos”, abandónelo y elija otro, pues más adelante cuando ya tenga el hábito y el gusto por la lectura, podrá regresar a ellos para terminarlos, si es que les interesa llegar hasta el final.
Sobre el autodidactismo, que puede aparecer en ambas perspectivas, es una de las formas de lectura más segura para llegar a ser un buen lector, en función de los intereses más particulares que un individuo tiene en su desarrollo personal.
Seleccionemos nuestros libros, espacios y horarios para la lectura y dispongámonos a caminar acompañados de esos libros, para disfrutar aprendiendo.
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